Study islam in egypt

Associated with Al-Azhar Al-Sharif in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is known as one of the most prestigious universities for Islamic learning. In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students.

Jun 6, 2021 · In the following study, we conducted interviews to explore the experiences of Muslim students from three HEIs through the lens of ‘satisfied settling’: ‘A mechanism in which (Muslim) students have justified (unconsciously) not having access to a richer and more fulfilled university experience in relation to religious needs’ (Islam et al ... Any study about Islamic education and its institutions, in one way or another, would find its way to a discussion about al-Azhar (lit. The most brilliant) and its role in fostering …Teaching (and Learning). Islam in Egypt. Katerina Dalacoura. Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics, and Religious Transformation in Egypt, by. Gregory ...After Mubarak was overthrown, the Brotherhood became legal for the first time in decades. Able to run candidates openly again, the MB won almost half of the seats in Egypt’s assembly in 2011, and in 2012 the MB candidate, Mohamed Morsi, won a close race in Egypt’s first democratic election for president. However, the MB’s political power ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Research suggests that Islamic environmentalism is still a minority phenomenon among Muslims. Future studies may explore different channels through which the “greening” of Islam is expanding in various world regions. In particular, Muslim leadership on national and local scales may have an important impact on the presence of ...Across five of the six major regions included in the study, majorities of Muslims in most countries say a woman should be able to decide for herself whether to wear a veil in public. ... more than three-in …The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic, military, and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE. Muslims regard Islam as a return to the original faith of the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, …

Muslim Brotherhood, a religiopolitical organization founded in 1928 that advocated the application of Islamic law in all aspects of society. Though militant in its early years, the organization renounced violence in the 1970s. It enjoyed a brief stint in power in Egypt after the uprising of 2011.Egypt has always been a learning hub for Arabic, Quran and Islamic sciences being where scholars in these fields and their students reside and teach. Areas like Madinat Nasr are buzzing with foreigners from all corners of the world in their journey of studying Arabic, Quran and Islamic studies so you'll not only meet locals, but people of other ...Thinking about studying the Arabic language at Studio Arabiya in Egypt? Learn about our application process! Academic Programs ARABIC IMMERSION Classical Arabic (the Fus'ha) is the oldest living language in the world. We teach a one-year Classic Arabic course that will set you for a solid foundation of the Arabic language LEARN MORE1- A valid residence copy. 2- A valid passport copy. 3- The approval of the embassy to study at Al-Azhar Al-Sharif. 4- Copies of academic certificates (if any) authenticated by the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5- A copy of the electronic registration form or the registration number on the website. Notes: –.Here are some of the key benefits of studying Islam in Egypt during the summer: Study with reputable scholars – Egypt has a rich legacy of Islamic scholarship. Summer students can learn from highly knowledgeable teachers. Gain spiritual knowledge through immersion in a Muslim society. The experience facilitates personal growth and understanding.

Nov 4, 2021 · According to the findings of the study, the resurrection of the Islamic modernizing movement and thought in Egypt was prompted by an awareness of the nation's intervention and even tyranny. Not all Muslims practice Islam, and if you expect to find that in all Muslims in Egypt, or any other Muslim country, you will be left disappointed with weakened faith. Don’t let it affect your view of Islam. You are planning to move to grow your faith, not diminish it. Stay realistic and plan accordingly, and you won’t be let down.The main regions of the world with a predominantly Islamic population are located in Central Asia, ... Islam is the dominant religion in Egypt. It is the state religion and is anchored in the Egyptian constitution of 2014. 31. ... and one university had to close its Faculty of Islamic Studies. China. 25,000,000.The most important Sunni Islamic institution in the world, Al-Azhar University is located in a district of the capital city called Islamic Cairo – otherwise known as Historic Cairo and Medieval Cairo. Prior to the arrival of the first Muslims in Egypt in AD 640, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt.Muslim Brotherhood, a religiopolitical organization founded in 1928 that advocated the application of Islamic law in all aspects of society. Though militant in its early years, the organization renounced violence in the 1970s. It enjoyed a brief stint in power in Egypt after the uprising of 2011.

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Islam in West Africa: Overview. The spread of Islam is traditionally said to have begun with the revelations to the prophet Muhammad when he was 40 years old in the year 610 CE. Muhammad himself ...Jun 24, 2022 · 1- A valid residence copy. 2- A valid passport copy. 3- The approval of the embassy to study at Al-Azhar Al-Sharif. 4- Copies of academic certificates (if any) authenticated by the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5- A copy of the electronic registration form or the registration number on the website. Notes: –. Tracing back political Islam to the French Campaign that invaded Egypt in 1798, the article argues that political Islam emerged and developed from within the folds of the modern nation state in Egypt. The article conceptualizes three historical phases: from 1805 to 1849, 1849 to 1879, and 1879 to the mid-1920s. Each of these phases is centered around a common theme that characterized the ...31 พ.ค. 2560 ... ... Muslims. Will Christians memorize the Quran so they can study at Al-Azhar? That won't happen, so the education system at Al-Azhar is not ...

The Pure and Powerful: Studies in Contemporary Muslim Society , 1997. Ammar, Hamed. Growing Up in an Egyptian Village: Silwa, Province of Aswan , 1954. Armbrust, Walter. Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt , 1996. Berger, Morroe. Islam in Egypt Today: Social and Political Aspects of Popular Religion , 1970.This article compares the 1971, 2012 and 2014 constitutions to see if the factor of new elites or new ideology affects the change of articles of religion. 4. Historical evolution of religion in Egyptian constitutions. The first constitution to mention religion of the state, for the Egyptian kingdom, was released after independence in 1923.Welcome To Hedayet. in Egypt. Hedayet Institute has a world class reputation for serving. community in Egypt since 1994. Hedayet Institute is also a renowned. centre for teaching teachers of Arabic as a foreign language (TAFL). your home university. Suitable for all Study Abroad students. Deadline for application 30 April.Get quick answers from Al-Azhar Mosque staff and past visitors. Get notified about new answers to your questions. Posting guidelines. Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo: "how can one study Islam in Egypt" | Check out answers, plus see 383 reviews, articles, and 353 photos of Al-Azhar Mosque, ranked No.8 on Tripadvisor among 2,004 attractions in Cairo. Salahuddin Al-Ayubi (1138 - 1193 AD) was born of Kurdish family in Tikrit (140km northwest of Baghdad) near the river Tigris in 1137M. His childhood was spent ten years studying at Damascus in the members of the ruling dynasty Zangid Syria, namely Nur Ad-Din or Nur al-Din Zangi. Salahudin Al-Ayubi or rather Sholahuddin Yusuf ibn Ayyub, Salah Ad ...Aug 16, 2009 · ISLAM AND MODERNISM IN EGYPT A STUDY OF THE MODERN REFORM MOVEMENT INAUGURATED BY MUHAMMAD 'ABDUH Addeddate 2009-08-16 23:11:15 Identifier IslamAndModernismInEgypt The purpose of this empirical study is to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic and conventional banking in Egypt and to find out which of the banking streams is performing better than the other. To make appropriate comparative analysis,At least half of Muslims in most countries surveyed say they are concerned about religious extremist groups in their country, including two-thirds or more of Muslims in Egypt (67%), Tunisia (67%), Iraq (68%), Guinea Bissau (72%) and Indonesia (78%). On balance, more are worried about Islamic extremists than about Christian extremists.Our Mission Statement. Focus on building future leaders. Invest in the quality off human factors. Provide world-class standard quality of education. Present Egypt as the preferred global Education Tourism. Expand our network of International Higher Education Partners. Prepare and equip the coming generation for the 4th Industrial Revolution.The six-day war was a spectacular military success for Israel. Its capture of all of Jerusalem and newly acquired control over the biblical lands called Judea and Samaria in Israel opened the way ...Nubians (/ ˈ n uː b i ən z, ˈ n j uː-/) (Nobiin: Nobī, Arabic: النوبيون) are a Nilo-Saharan ethnic group indigenous to the region which is now Northern Sudan and Southern Egypt.They originate from the early inhabitants of the central Nile valley, believed to be one of the earliest cradles of civilization. In the southern valley of Egypt, Nubians differ culturally and ethnically ...

Islamic finance is growing within international finance. In its modern form, Islamic banking started with pioneering experiments in the early 1960s in Egypt. The Mit-Ghamr Islamic Saving Associations (MGISA) mobilized the savings of Muslim investors, providing them

Islam in Egypt. For the vast majority of the Egyptian population who identify as Muslim (Sunni), Islam plays a significant role in their personal, political and legal lives. The country has long been a centre for Islamic scholarship, with Egypt being home to one of the oldest and most respected institutions of Islamic education in the world.Research suggests that Islamic environmentalism is still a minority phenomenon among Muslims. Future studies may explore different channels through which the “greening” of Islam is expanding in various world regions. In particular, Muslim leadership on national and local scales may have an important impact on the presence of ...Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco, aims to fill that gap. Drawing on two years of research, including fieldwork and interviews with Arab officials and Islamic figures, it sheds light on the processes that define relations between Islamic institutions and governmental entities, ranging from strong formal regimes in relativelyBrett, M., ‘Population and conversion to Islam in Egypt in the mediaeval period’, in U. Vermeulen and J. van Steenburgen (eds.), Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, vol. IV: Proceedings of the 9th and 10th International Colloquium organised at the Katholicke Universiteit Leuven in May 2000 and 2001, Leuven, 2005.Memorize the entire Quran. Understand the meaning of the verses. Learn the reason for revelation behind each verse. And more. Studio Arabiya offers Hifz Quran online courses and intensive courses in Egypt for both kids and adults, for all levels, Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced. Students will memorize new verses daily and revise what they ...Islam was tied up with ethnicity in the Philippines so studies like Isidro and Saber 1968 and Orosa 1931 present religion as an aspect of tribal life rather than as the main focus of study. Several edited volumes originating from different disciplines include religious, political, and social aspects of Muslim tribes including Gowing 1978 ...A third or more take this view in Jordan (40%), Azerbaijan (34%) and Egypt (33%). As with suicide, most Muslims believe that euthanasia – defined in the survey as ending the life of an incurably ill person – is morally wrong. A majority of Muslims in 33 of the 37 countries surveyed hold this view, including more than three-quarters in 17 ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.

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12 Note in particular the series entitled Architectural Transformations in the Islamic World published by The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (Cambridge, Mass., 1978 onwards). These studies deal principally with modern architecture — for example, the first volume is entitled Toward an Architecture in the Spirit of Islam — but …Egyptians (Arabic: مِصرِيُّون, romanized: Miṣriyyūn, IPA: [mɪsˤrɪjˈjuːn]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصرِيِّين, romanized: Maṣryyīn, IPA: [mɑsˤɾɪjˈjiːn]; Coptic: ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, romanized: remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group originating in the Nile Valley in Egypt.Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography.The population is concentrated in the Nile ...The United States assisted Egypt’s counterterrorism efforts by providing training, equipment, and other assistance to its law enforcement and security services. Countering the Financing of Terrorism: Egypt is a member of MENAFATF, serving as the chair in 2020. Its FIU, Egypt’s Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Combating Unit, is a ...Thinking about studying the Arabic language at Studio Arabiya in Egypt? Learn about our application process! Academic Programs ARABIC IMMERSION Classical Arabic (the Fus'ha) is the oldest living language in the world. We teach a one-year Classic Arabic course that will set you for a solid foundation of the Arabic language LEARN MOREIn the following study, we conducted interviews to explore the experiences of Muslim students from three HEIs through the lens of ‘satisfied settling’: ‘A mechanism in which (Muslim) students have justified (unconsciously) not having access to a richer and more fulfilled university experience in relation to religious needs’ (Islam et al ...Tracing back political Islam to the French Campaign that invaded Egypt in 1798, the article argues that political Islam emerged and developed from within the folds of the modern nation state in Egypt. The article conceptualizes three historical phases: from 1805 to 1849, 1849 to 1879, and 1879 to the mid-1920s. Each of these phases is centered around a common theme that characterized the ...following year, he led 26 Chinese students to Al-Azhar University, Egypt, and stayed in Egypt for nine years to study Islam. In Egypt, he was second minister of Chinese student affairs, and alsoIslam is not an anthropological concept in the way, for example, culture, or even religion, are. People have thought about and discussed Islam long before anthropologists started thinking about it, and those discussions therefore inform anthropological ones. Fieldwork encounters have been important for a textured understanding in context of what it means for specific people in concrete ...The Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of 'Amr ibn al-'As, took place between 639 and 642 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate.It ended the seven-century-long period of Roman period in Egypt that began in 30 BC, and widely speaking Greco-Roman period for about a millennium. Byzantine rule in the country had been shaken, as Egypt had been conquered …Islam originated with the revelation of the Koran in 610 B.C. to the 40-year-old prophet Muhammad while he was living in the city of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula. He began to convert people of the city to Islam during the next 12 years. ….

Any study about Islamic education and its institutions, in one way or another, would find its way to a discussion about al-Azhar (lit. The most brilliant) and its role in fostering …37. 2.4K views 2 years ago. Study Arabic: www.iktishaaf.org We have been asked the same questions many many times now and so we will finally Show more. Q&A Epi 10: Living conditions and finding...Campus 1: #9398 Huda Sharawy St. Campus 2: #8542 Karim Bannona St. South Seen Area, Al Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt Egypt: +201025702333 Admissions: [email protected] The six-day war was a spectacular military success for Israel. Its capture of all of Jerusalem and newly acquired control over the biblical lands called Judea and Samaria in …The constitution states that Al-Azhar is “the main authority in theology and Islamic affairs” and is responsible for spreading Islam, Islamic doctrine, and the Arabic language in the country and throughout the world. The grand imam is elected by Al-Azhar’s Council of Senior Scholars and is officially appointed by the president for a life ...Resources for the study of manuscripts produced in the Islamic world and the manuscript cultures they represent. Online collections of digitized manuscripts, sorted by location. ... heiress of Arabist Marcel who was among the members of the learned French expedition to Egypt equipped by Bonapart.’” ...Ancient Egypt was a civilization in Northeast Africa situated in the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, …About Us. Mishkah Academy has become one of the leading online Islamic schools in the World due to its good reputation for many years in teaching Quran, Tajweed, Arabic & Islamic Studies. We offer Online Courses, set by Expert Islamic Scholars, suitable for all ages and levels by Male/Female Tutors graduate of Prestigious Islamic …The capital of Egypt is Cairo and its area is approximately 1,000,000 km2. Ninety percent of the country’s population are Muslims and ten percent are Christians. Egypt has a Shiite minority, but their number is not accurately known. According to the constitution of Egypt, no laws may be legislated against Islamic laws.24 มิ.ย. 2565 ... ... Egypt, in order to benefit themselves first and their ... study Arabic at Al-Azhar institute / University and the Islamic Missions Institute:. Study islam in egypt, Egypt. Egypt - Islamic Conquest, Pharaohs, Nile: The period of Egyptian history between the advent of Islam and Egypt’s entrance into the modern period opens and closes with foreign conquests: the Arab invasion led by ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ in 639–642 ce and the Napoleonic expedition of 1798 mark the beginning and end of the era. Within the ..., Islam in Egypt. Islam is practiced by 90% of Egyptians. Most Egyptian Muslims are Sunni and follow the Maliki school of jurisprudence, though all legal schools are represented. Shi’a …, Thinking about studying the Arabic language at Studio Arabiya in Egypt? Learn about our application process! Academic Programs ARABIC IMMERSION Classical Arabic (the Fus'ha) is the oldest living language in the world. We teach a one-year Classic Arabic course that will set you for a solid foundation of the Arabic language LEARN MORE, Moreover, studying and living in Egypt will incur considerably lesser costs than in other countries. Approximately, an international student would spend $7,000 to $14,000 for a degree program in a university in Egypt. ... Ninety percent of Egyptians are Muslims. Egyptians take Fridays and Saturdays as their weekends. Modern Standard Arabic is ..., Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo in Egypt is a fundamental Islamic monument with many dimensions. Constructed by the Caliph Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah for the newly established capital city in 970, it was the first mosque established in Cairo, a city that has since gained the nickname "the city of a thousand minarets., Briefing 11-10-2021. In the post-Arab Spring period, Egypt's foreign policy has largely been shaped by the state of affairs in the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean. Civil wars and unrest have proliferated in the region, creating a knock-on effect felt first by Iraq and then by Syria, Lebanon and Libya., This claim is developed through a study of colonial efforts to transform Egypt’s al-Azhar, the world’s most influential institution of Islamic learning and scholarship. These efforts made al-Azhar into the centre of a global Islamic reform movement, which sought to integrate Islam with a colonial scientific-utilitarian worldview., Jan 26, 2019 · What you need to know to get into Al-Azhar in Brief: 1. Try to have no less than 2 juz of Qur’an memorized. 2. If you are not fluent in Arabic consider studying in an Arabic center in Cairo for a year before taking the exams. al-Azhar has no department for teaching Arabic to non-Arabs. , 5 ส.ค. 2556 ... Ahmad Atif Ahmad, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Dr. Jonathan A. Brown, Associate Professor ..., Last modified on Wed 10 Jan 2018 17.00 EST. Christians in Egypt are facing unprecedented levels of persecution, with attacks on churches and the kidnap of girls by Islamist extremists intent on ..., The Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) was established in 1978 as a freestanding public university. IUG is one of the best Islamic universities in the world. In addition to educating its students in a way that is consistent with Islamic teachings and Palestinian culture, IUG also provides its students with a safe and welcoming place to study., A third or more take this view in Jordan (40%), Azerbaijan (34%) and Egypt (33%). As with suicide, most Muslims believe that euthanasia – defined in the survey as ending the life of an incurably ill person – is morally wrong. A majority of Muslims in 33 of the 37 countries surveyed hold this view, including more than three-quarters in 17 ..., How much do you know about the Muslim religion? HowStuffWorks asks and answers 10 questions about Islam. Advertisement For many Westerners, the religion of Islam remains a mystery. In the United States, Muslims — those who follow Islam — ma..., Here are some of the key benefits of studying Islam in Egypt during the summer: Study with reputable scholars – Egypt has a rich legacy of Islamic scholarship. Summer students can learn from highly knowledgeable teachers. Gain spiritual knowledge through immersion in a Muslim society. The experience facilitates personal growth and understanding. , The Society of the Muslim Brothers (Arabic: جماعة الإخوان المسلمين Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn), is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt ..., Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and was the site of one of the world’s earliest urban and literate societies. Learn more about Egypt in this article., We selected our best 15 Islamic universities based on uniRank’s ranking of world universities, universities offering a variety of degrees and programs, and admission rates. Based on these criteria, here is a list of our best 15 Islamic universities: Cairo University, Egypt. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia., Egyptian thugs roamed the streets alert for the sounds of a new-born’s cry. ... Qatar studying Islam and working at the Fanar Cultural Centre. In 2006 Aisha returned to university for a second time and completed at Bachelor of Arts and a Graduate Certificate in Writing. Aisha is also a published writer in both internet and print media and in ..., An online publication of the AbuSulayman Center for Global Islamic Studies at George Mason University. Islam and the Culture of Modern Egypt ... Islam in Iran ..., The following expressions can be used by both Muslims and Christians in Egypt. They are followed by condolences used specifically by Muslims and Christians. Be strong; keep your chin up: شدّ حيلك (šidd Heilak) - lit. Pull your strength Response: الشدة على الله (iš-šidda 3ala-llah), The Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) was established in 1978 as a freestanding public university. IUG is one of the best Islamic universities in the world. In addition to educating its students in a way that is consistent with Islamic teachings and Palestinian culture, IUG also provides its students with a safe and welcoming place to study., In a speech at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies in 2010, Charles said based on his knowledge of Islam and the Quran, “there are limits to the abundance of Nature”. ... Egypt, Charles ..., Introduction. The Muslim Brotherhood is Egypt’s oldest and largest Islamist organization, with offshoots throughout the Arab world. The Brotherhood renounced violence in the 1970s and earned ..., Abstract. Islamic education in Egypt thrived during the seventh to tenth centuries when Islamic schools established both as primary kuttāb and subsequently advanced to al-Azhar system. Kuttāb as educational institutions emerged as natural, spontaneous at grassroots level, often connected with a mosque, but also created by the community in a ..., Footnotes: 14 For analysis of views about sharia among Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa, see the Pew Research Center’s April 2010 report “Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa.” (return to text) 15 In Thailand, respondents were asked if sharia should be made the official law in the predominantly Muslim areas of the country., Thinking about studying the Arabic language at Studio Arabiya in Egypt? Learn about our application process! Academic Programs ARABIC IMMERSION Classical Arabic (the Fus'ha) is the oldest living language in the world. We teach a one-year Classic Arabic course that will set you for a solid foundation of the Arabic language LEARN MORE, 28 มิ.ย. 2561 ... Study Type, Postgraduate, Level, 5. Session, Second Sub Session, Credit Points, 30 credits (15 ECTS credits). Campus, Old Aberdeen, Sustained ..., The study aims to review Islamic Criminal Law’s execution in the developing Muslim States based on its development and challenges. The paper is prepared based on secondary data such as books, articles, different national and international law reports, and acts. ... Egypt. The Shariah into the constitution was initially introduced by Egypt as ..., Open Dialog by Minister of Islamic Endowments and Cairo University President with Students about Deconstructing Extremist Ideologies ... Cairo University Organizes International Forum for Cultural Heritage entitled Popular Literature and Interdisciplinary Studies in Participation with Researchers from 9 States ... Mahfouz joined the Egyptian ..., Islamic finance is growing within international finance. In its modern form, Islamic banking started with pioneering experiments in the early 1960s in Egypt. The Mit-Ghamr Islamic Saving Associations (MGISA) mobilized the savings of Muslim investors, providing them, Ibn Khaldun (/ ˈ ɪ b ən x æ l ˈ d uː n /; Arabic: أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab sociologist, philosopher, and historian widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and ..., Sep 28, 2023 · Sep 28, 2023, 3:15 PM SGT. CAIRO/N'DJAMENA - Mamadou Safaiou Barry was determined to study Islamic theology at an elite school. Unable to afford a flight to Egpyt from Guinea, he drew a map of ... , The Northern Africa and Arabian components in Egypt are representative of that ancient migratory route, as well as later migrations from the Fertile Crescent back into Africa; with the spread of agriculture over the past 10,000 years, and migrations in the seventh century, with the spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula," the NGGP study said.