Code p0420 chevy equinox

Aug 6, 2021 · Technician. automotive technology. 157 satisfied customers. I am working on a 2011 Chevy Equinox. I was getting a cat. I am working on a 2011 Chevy Equinox. I was getting a cat low efficiency code P0420 (Catalytic system efficiency below threshold Bank 1), so I … read more.

Code p0420 chevy equinox. P0300 is a generic OBDII code that can occur with the Chevy Equinox. This code indicates that your vehicle’s engine is misfiring and can be a drivability threat. P0300 is often accompanied by cylinder-specific misfire codes (P030X, where the X indicates the cylinder number that is misfiring). If you have P0300 and a cylinder-specific misfire ...

This page is meant to help you troubleshoot the Chevy Express P0430 trouble code. It covers the P0430 code's meaning, symptoms, causes, and possible solutions. ... If the code changes to P0420, that would indicate that one of the O2 sensors is bad on the bank 2 side. ... Chevy Equinox P0430 Code: Causes + How to Fix. Chevy …

Jul 26, 2018 · Chevy Equinox P0420 OBDII Code Defined P0420 is generic (has the same meaning for all vehicles made in 1996+) OBDII trouble code. Here’s the technical definition for your vehicle: P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1) Catalyst System Efficiency The code P0420 - Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1) means that there is a problem with the catalytic converter of the Bank 1. The code P0430 means the same fault for the Bank 2 catalytic converter in an engine with two cylinder banks (e.g., V6 or V8). The catalytic converter or "cat" is a key component of the vehicle emission control ...What Does Chevy Code P0420 Mean? Chevrolet P0420 definition: Catalyst system efficiency below threshold (Bank 1) Issue Severity: MODERATE – Extended …A P0420 code indicates that your vehicle's computer (PCM) has detected a problem with the catalytic converter. Here's what you need to do.May 6, 2016 · How to fix you emissions p0420 code for cheap, easy, fast. Watch this video and learn how to turn off you cars check engine in under 10 minutes with parts av... 2012 Chevy equinox 2.4L at about 135K miles threw a fan belt about 6 months ago on a road trip. Limped it to a dealership for fanbelt replacement and they said the timing chain was making a lot of noise and need replaced too. So I got it back home and had a shop do the timing chain with new tensioners and guide vanes as well as new water pump.Dec 27, 2022 · Common Reason: Code P0420 is often related to a bad catalytic converter. P0420 means the catalytic converter is not efficiently removing pollutants from the exhaust. Your car won’t pass an emissions test. A bad catalytic converter isn’t a hazard to the driver but it can overheat and destroy engine components. Jul 26, 2018

FIX CODE P0420 ON CHEVROLET CRUZE, CHEVY SONIC Catalyst System Efficiency Below ThresholdIf you have engine light on and code such as P0420 we will explain ...Three catalytic converters in a month (P0420) I have a 2014 Cruze LTZ with ~110,000 miles on it. My CEL came on at the end of October; OBD II scanner gave me code P0420. I took it up to Firestone, and they replaced the front O2 sensor and burned-out catalytic converter, as well as repaired/replaced the leaking head gasket and leaking ...P0420 is a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) for "Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)". This can happen for multiple reasons and a mechanic needs to diagnose the specific cause for this code to be triggered in your situation. Our certified mobile mechanics can come to your home or office to perform the Check Engine Light diagnostic ...What does OBD code P0420 mean on a Chevrolet Equinox? This code basically means that the engine's O2 sensors associated with your Chevrolet Equinox's …Dec 5, 2019 · Need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. Hi, need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. If i clear it out , It comes back before starting the car again. Chevy Equinox P0013: “B” Camshaft Position → Open/Short OCV → Bank 1. P0013 is a somewhat frequent OBDII trouble code. It is generic, which means that it has the same meaning for the Chevy Equinox, as it would any other vehicle. It only affects vehicles with Variable Valve Timing.

P0013 on Some Chevrolet Vehicles. Code P0013 may appear on some Chevrolet vehicles like the 2016 Chevrolet Equinox L 2.4L L4. Conditions for running DTC P0013 in a 2016 Chevy Equinox can include: The ignition voltage is greater than 11 V. The ECM has commanded the camshaft position actuator solenoid valve On.The P0420 code indicates that the Engine Control Module (ECM) has identified a decline in the efficiency of the catalytic converter on Bank 1. This could be attributed to a malfunctioning catalyst or potentially be a false alarm triggered by a defective O2 sensor.Symptoms There are several reasons why your Chevrolet Equinox is reporting the p0420 trouble code. Most of the time, this trouble code means a bad oxygen sensor or an exhaust leak. In either case, the solution is to replace the oxygen sensor. In other cases, the problem is caused by a malfunctioning catalytic converter or exhaust manifold.P0420 code for 2012 Chevy equinox 2.4 flex fuel. No. No noticeable change in fuel consumption it does sometimes cut off after starting for the first time in the morning it also gets a rough bumping when you come to a stop after driving for awhile ...Code P0420 Description. The Engine Control Module (ECM) uses sensors mounted in front of and behind the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) to monitor its efficiency. The first sensor, the air-fuel ratio sensor, sends pre-catalyst information to the ECM. The second sensor, the heated oxygen sensor, sends post-catalyst information to …

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A check engine light for the Chevrolet P0128 code means that the fuel system is running too lean. Find out how to fix it in this article! 1. Year. 2. Make. 3. Model. 4. Trim. 5. Fuel Type. ... Popular Engine Codes P0420 P0172 P00171 P0128 P0300 P0456 P0430 P0442 P0455 P0113. Fixed It But The Check Engine Light Is Still On?Service stabilitrak, flashing CEL and rough idle. After a week of not being driven, finally threw codes P0302 (cylinder 2 misfire) and P0036 (downstream o2 sensor). The shop says it looks like someone tried to steal my catalytic converters and cut o2 sensor wire.Would a downstream sensor cause (specific cylinder) misfire, and sudden rough idle.P0010 is a relatively common trouble code. It affects vehicles with variable valve timing (VVT). The list of VVT vehicles is growing, and the Chevy Equinox can have VVT and is prone to developing this code. P0010 is often by low or sludgy oil. Check your Equinox's oil as soon as possible. P0010 is a.When it comes to purchasing a vehicle, the options can be overwhelming. From brand-new models to used cars, there are many factors to consider. If you’re in the market for a reliable and affordable SUV, a pre-owned Chevy Equinox might be ju...

How to fix you emissions p0420 code for cheap, easy, fast. Watch this video and learn how to turn off you cars check engine in under 10 minutes with parts av...Code P0420 Description. The Engine Control Module (ECM) uses sensors mounted in front of and behind the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) to monitor its efficiency. The first sensor, the air-fuel ratio sensor, sends pre-catalyst information to the ECM. The second sensor, the heated oxygen sensor, sends post-catalyst information to …What Does Chevrolet Equinox Code P0304 Mean? Chevrolet Equinox P0304 definition: Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected Issue Severity: SEVERE – Stop driving immediately. Repair Urgency: Fix this code immediately (same-day if possible) to avoid serious engine damage and dangerous driving conditions. Diagnosis: A multiple misfire …Chevy equinox 2011: code p0420. americanfoxusa. Dec 16, 2018. Disclaimer: Links on this page pointing to Amazon, eBay and other sites may include affiliate code. If you click them and make a purchase, we may earn a …Diagnosing the error code P0420 on a Chevy Equinox (2011) Wicked Wrench Garage 540 subscribers 8 Share 2.7K views 8 months ago SEATTLE Diagnosing the error code P0420 on a Chevy...P0135 is a very common OBDII code that occurs in the Chevy Equinox. It is caused by a failure in one of the oxygen sensors heated elements, specifically bank 1 sensor 1. It technically stands for: P0135: Heated Oxygen Sensor → Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction → Bank 1, Sensor 1. The purpose of the heated element in the oxygen sensor is to ...May 6, 2016 · How to fix you emissions p0420 code for cheap, easy, fast. Watch this video and learn how to turn off you cars check engine in under 10 minutes with parts av... Error Code P0411 ?!?! WHAT DO I DO?? Here's a few quick checks for the Secondary Air Injection pumps.Codes: (MOST CURRENT CODES AS OF RIGHT NOW) P2097: Post catalytic converter fuel trim (FT) bank 1- too rich. P0420: Catalytic converter system, bank 1 -efficiency below threshold. Exact Chevy Diagnosis: CAUSE: ENG replaced valve cover, customer declined spark plugs, advised converter may have been damaged also.

16 years of experience. The code P0420 for your 2.4 L engine is for the after the catalyst O2 sensor. Your vehicle has only two O2 sensors. One is in manifold before …

The P228D code triggers when the powertrain control module detects the actual fuel rail pressure is higher than the desired pressure. Note: The definition of the P228D code can be different depending on the vehicle manufacturer. Consult the appropriate repair manual or repair database for the exact code definition.Chevy P0172 Equinox code: P0172 Chevy Code in a Chevy vehicle means that that the Fuel System is Too Rich (Bank 1) ... Read More Also: P0420 Chevy Equinox. Conclusion. The P0172 Chevy code means the oxygen sensor is malfunctioning and causing your engine to run rich. In many cases, this code can be caused by a bad sensor or sticking …FIX CODE P0036 P0054 P0137 P0138 P0141 ENGINE LIGHT CHEVY, CHEVROLET, GMC, BUICK, CADILLAC Car Scanner: https://amzn.to/2G5lxTi Oxygen Sensor Socket: https...Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 gutter guard companies in Chevy Chase, MD. Helping you find the best gutter guard companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featured Content Media Find a Pro About Please...Re: 08 Equinox Sport P0420 code NIGHTMARE Where did you purchase this car - a Chevy dealer, another dealer, or a generic used car lot ? 2018 Equinox LT1 1.5 L 4 cyl, AWD, S/R Cajun Red Tintcoat/Black 2010 Equinox LTZ 2.4 L 4 cyl, FWD, S/R Cardinal Red/BlackChevy P0172 Equinox code: P0172 Chevy Code in a Chevy vehicle means that that the Fuel System is Too Rich (Bank 1) ... Read More Also: P0420 Chevy Equinox. Conclusion. The P0172 Chevy code means the oxygen sensor is malfunctioning and causing your engine to run rich. In many cases, this code can be caused by a bad sensor or sticking …Code p0014 and P0420, I just bought this car previous owner said needed oil change and tune up, 2011 Chevrolet equinox, - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic. ... I have a 2011 chevy equinox with the 2.4l. I have codes p0420, p0455, p0013. I know what these codes mean, the problem i'm having is I can't clear them out. ...P0135 is a very common OBDII code that occurs in the Chevy Equinox. It is caused by a failure in one of the oxygen sensors heated elements, specifically bank 1 sensor 1. It technically stands for: P0135: Heated Oxygen Sensor → Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction → Bank 1, Sensor 1. The purpose of the heated element in the oxygen sensor is to ...You may ever experience troubleshooting, such as P0420 Chevy equinox. It happens after your car is connected to the scanner. The code appears to indicate there …

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P0420 is a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) for "Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)". This can happen for multiple reasons and a mechanic needs to diagnose the specific cause for this code to be triggered in your situation. Our certified mobile mechanics can come to your home or office to perform the Check Engine Light diagnostic ... Feb 23, 2022. #1. Wife's 2013 Equinox 2.4 has had a recurring P0411 secondary air injection low flow code for about a year. Googling turns up that this is yet another delightful feature of the Ecotec 2.4, with a variety of causes. So far I've determined the electric air pump runs, because I can hear it. The condensation and ice that are …Code P0446 sometimes indicates that an electrical failure has been detected in either the vent valve itself or its control circuit. While the P0446 can indicate an electrical problem on later model Fords, which, for some strange reason chooses to look at the vent valve electrical circuit to set this code, the P0446 code is highly unlikely to be ...Apr 2, 2018 · 2011 Equinox 2.4L P0420 DIY Cat replacement. 2011 Equinox 2.4L is throwing code P0420 repeatedly. Runs fine and no other codes. New o2 sensors. Has 185,000 miles on it and now on engine #3 so its time to replace. Those engines have burned a lot of oil as we all know and i'm sure the cat is coked up with junk. Need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. Hi, need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. If i clear it out , It comes back before starting the car again.Need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. Hi, need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. If i clear it out , It comes back before starting the car again.2014 Chevy Equinox P0420. Thread starter possum328; Start date Sep 8, 2023; Prev. 1; 2; First Prev 2 of 2 Go to page ... because I scanned a friend's 2014 Equinox and it had 7 codes. When we looked online it said engine removal and cleaning out intake ports, $2000+. ... 2005 Frontier codes - P0420, then P0507, now P0302. sippyCUP; Oct …The chart below shows the most likely repair and cost range for Equinoxs for all of the years that FIXD has data on. See moreSo my check engine light came on and I was able to pull a code P0420 Catalyst system low efficiency. Now I know this could mean a bad cat, bad O2 sensor(s) or even a crack in the manifold. I have a 2011 Chevy Equinox 2.4L with a little over 80k on it. Does anyone know if there is a common fix for...Catalytic converter replacement. How to replace a catalytic converter DIY with Scotty Kilmer. Catalytic converter replacement in your car (Code P0420). Tips ... ….

The first step is to check the engine light to see if the P0420 code is illuminated. If the engine light is on, then the next step is to check for any other codes that may be accompanying the P0420 code. Once any other codes have been addressed, the next step is to inspect the exhaust system for any leaks or blockages. Need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. Hi, need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. If i clear it out , It comes back before starting the car again.Code p0014 and P0420, I just bought this car previous owner said needed oil change and tune up, 2011 Chevrolet equinox, - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic. ... I have a 2011 chevy equinox with the 2.4l. I have codes p0420, p0455, p0013. I know what these codes mean, the problem i'm having is I can't clear them out. ...The enigmatic P0420 code twirls through the veins of every Chevy Equinox owner's nightmare. Like a cryptic riddle, it challenges our automotive prowess. Perplexed, we unravel the mysteries behind this Chevy enigma, delving into the heart of the Equinox's exhaust system. Join us on this quest as we decipher the riddles of the P0420 code and restore harmony to the Equinox kingdom.Dec 2, 2020 · You may ever experience troubleshooting, such as P0420 Chevy equinox. It happens after your car is connected to the scanner. The code appears to indicate there is an issue related to catalyst system efficiency. Based on this result, it seems your issue comes from the catalytic converter. It is capable to scrub pollution, so the emission is free ... What causes the P0140 code? The ECM determines that the O2 sensor has no activity. The O2 sensor for Bank 1, Sensor 2 does not respond (does not have a voltage change between 410-490 mV) to the fuel cutoff or fuel enrichment signals from the ECM for more than 74 seconds. The O2 sensor and mass airflow sensor comparison is misinterpreted by the …P0010 is a relatively common trouble code. It affects vehicles with variable valve timing (VVT). The list of VVT vehicles is growing, and the Chevy Equinox can have VVT and is prone to developing this code. P0010 is often by low or sludgy oil. Check your Equinox's oil as soon as possible. P0010 is a.Chevy equinox 2011: code p0420. americanfoxusa. Dec 16, 2018. Disclaimer: Links on this page pointing to Amazon, eBay and other sites may include affiliate code. If you click them and make a purchase, we may earn a small commission. Dec 16, 2018. #1. A. Code p0420 chevy equinox, If you’re experiencing a p0420 Chevy Equinox engine code, there are a couple of common causes. The oxygen sensor and the converter are often the culprit, but there are also other causes. Misaligned exhaust functionality or a faulty catalytic converter can also be to blame., Jun 23, 2022 · The most common P0420 and P0430 cause is a clogged catalytic converter filter, which requires replacing the entire catalytic converter. Other causes can include: A faulty or failing o2 sensor. Catalytic converter leaks. Exhaust , intake, or mass airflow (MAF) sensor leaks or other issues. , 16 years of experience. The code P0420 for your 2.4 L engine is for the after the catalyst O2 sensor. Your vehicle has only two O2 sensors. One is in manifold before …, P0135 is a very common OBDII code that occurs in the Chevy Equinox. It is caused by a failure in one of the oxygen sensors heated elements, specifically bank 1 sensor 1. It technically stands for: P0135: Heated Oxygen Sensor → Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction → Bank 1, Sensor 1. The purpose of the heated element in the oxygen sensor is to ..., Po011 and p0420 but then. by autojoe » Thu Feb 10, 2022 10:45 am. That makes sense limp mode p0700 means codes stored in the tcm transmission control module. Then code p07bf input speed sensor fault. Limp mode rpms will be limited to around 3000. To replace you have to tear apart tranny to get access too., 2014 Chevy Equinox P0420. Thread starter possum328; Start date Sep 8, 2023; Prev. 1; 2; First Prev 2 of 2 Go to page ... because I scanned a friend's 2014 Equinox and it had 7 codes. When we looked online it said engine removal and cleaning out intake ports, $2000+. ... 2005 Frontier codes - P0420, then P0507, now P0302. sippyCUP; Oct …, P0300 and p0420 on a 2011 Chevy equinox 2.4L LS. 105000. plugs, coils, crank sensor and both o2s have been replaced and well as exhaust manifold and ECU …, Nov 4, 2015 · Need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. Hi, need help on a 2011 Chevy equinox LT, has a code of: P0420. If i clear it out , It comes back before starting the car again. , Codes: (MOST CURRENT CODES AS OF RIGHT NOW) P2097: Post catalytic converter fuel trim (FT) bank 1- too rich. P0420: Catalytic converter system, bank 1 -efficiency below threshold. Exact Chevy Diagnosis: CAUSE: ENG replaced valve cover, customer declined spark plugs, advised converter may have been damaged also., Saturday at 4:39 PM. 3rd Gen : 2018+ Current Chevy Equinox. 2nd Gen : 2010-2017 Chevy Equinox. ok i have the 2013 equinox nd i get the p0420 code all day long. i know why because the engine burned so much oil i had to have a refinery in the backyard to keep up. anyway because we do not live in a test state i drilled out the cat so the engine ..., El código Chevrolet DTC P0420 se activa cuando el sensor de oxígeno delantero (banda 1) situado antes del catalizador y el sensor de oxígeno trasero (banda 2) detectan una anomalía. Si los gases detectados por ambos sensores son parecidos, querrá decir que el catalizador no está cumpliendo su función. Por tanto, el sistema enviará este ... , P0420 is probably the most common code seen. It refers to "Catalytic Converter Efficiency" Basically, it Engine Control Module (ECU) monitors the chemical constituents of the exhaust, both before and after the catalytic converter., Jan 4, 2020 · 2012 Chevy equinox 2.4L at about 135K miles threw a fan belt about 6 months ago on a road trip. Limped it to a dealership for fanbelt replacement and they said the timing chain was making a lot of noise and need replaced too. So I got it back home and had a shop do the timing chain with new tensioners and guide vanes as well as new water pump. , 2012 Chevy equinox 2.4L at about 135K miles threw a fan belt about 6 months ago on a road trip. Limped it to a dealership for fanbelt replacement and they said the timing chain was making a lot of noise and need replaced too. So I got it back home and had a shop do the timing chain with new tensioners and guide vanes as well as new …, I changed the o2 sensors 2008 Chevy Avalanche. Check engine light comes up every 2 weeks. sometimes a bit of rough idle at 500 RPM other times runs great. ... I have a p0420 code on my 2018 chev equinox lt 1.5 tubrocharge. But mechanic saying it might be my o2 senor but I change and code still come up. Should I just change …, 2 years 9 months ago #45529. 2011 Chevy Equinox codes P228D P0016 P0017 P0089 was created by Dan07. Started up the Equinox and got message " Low engine power" and "stibili trak". I replaced cam position sensor, crank position sensor, and ignition fuel pressure sensor. still throwing the same messages and codes., How to diagnose code P0420 Here’s a quick rundown of how to troubleshoot and diagnose the P0420 engine code: First off, make sure that P0420 is the only engine code present. Clear the code and drive for approximately 15 minutes. Check to see if the code is returned. If not, repeat the process a few times to be sure. , Apr 25, 2015 · 1999 White C5 Coupe · #2 · Apr 25, 2015. gos333 said: 2011 Equinox, AWD, 107,000 miles has P0420 MIL code needs new cat converter. Dealer wants 1600.00.... reason the cat went out was excessive oil consumption which clogged the ceramic inside of the cat, evidently you have to remove the transfer case to replace the cat also. , Chevy equinox 2011: code p0420. americanfoxusa. Dec 16, 2018. Disclaimer: Links on this page pointing to Amazon, eBay and other sites may include affiliate code. If you click them and make a purchase, we may earn a small commission. Dec 16, 2018. #1. A., Chevy Equinox P0013: “B” Camshaft Position → Open/Short OCV → Bank 1. P0013 is a somewhat frequent OBDII trouble code. It is generic, which means that it has the same meaning for the Chevy Equinox, as it would any other vehicle. It only affects vehicles with Variable Valve Timing., Hey YouTube Fam, I gotta Chevy Equinox in the shop with a large EVAP leak. The customer desperately needed to get her emissions. Here in Georgia, you can’t ..., My equinox is throwing a code for either the catalytic converter or oxygen sensor, yes but they could not determine if - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. ... P0420 code for 2012 Chevy equinox 2.4 flex fuel. No., 4. Jonathan C. April 9, 2020. The p0300 code on the chevy equinox means that the engine has a misfire that is not related to only one cylinder. Like. (3) pablo June 4, 2023. Misfire cylinder one spark plug wet like engine oil mile on car 66.000 2021. Like. (1), I have a 2007 Chevy equinox AWD. The issue started as a P0420 check engine code. Car seems to run normally other than - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. ... Hi, My 2008 Chevy HHR shows P0420 code. Replaced the flex/cat pipe with a Easter …, Apr 30, 2021 · =====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 https://free.nonda.co 👈== How to Fix CHEVROLET P0420 ==Engine Code CHEVROLET P0420 Savin... , I have Chevrolet Impala 2014 model. Recently my car showing dtc code 0420. ... my 2011 Chevy Equinox check engine light on, reads code P0420. 3., Code P0137 is a generic trouble code, meaning it can be experienced across a variety of vehicle brands. But the translation of this code may differ from one brand to another. For example, a P0137 on a Toyota translates to “Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1, Sensor 2”; a P0137 on a Chevy, meanwhile, is “Heated Oxygen Sensor …, P0420 is probably the most common code seen. It refers to "Catalytic Converter Efficiency" Basically, it Engine Control Module (ECU) monitors the chemical constituents of the exhaust, both before and after the catalytic converter., 13 thg 9, 2023 ... Find out what a P0420 code means, how to diagnose this problem and the common fixes that you can do to resolve this trouble code., Chevy equinox 2011: code p0420. americanfoxusa. Dec 16, 2018. Disclaimer: Links on this page pointing to Amazon, eBay and other sites may include affiliate code. If you click them and make a purchase, we may earn a …, 2,551 satisfied customers. P0300 and p0420 on a 2011 Chevy equinox 2.4L LS. 105000. plugs, coils, crank sensor and both o2s have been replaced and well as exhaust manifold and ECU … read more., How to diagnose, repair, and info on symptoms and causes of a P0420 OBD-II trouble code which means the catalytic converter is no longer performing at a normal level. Often this means the bank 1 converter will need to be replaced. Search. ... 2010 Chevy Traverse P0420 code I have a 2010 Chevy Traverse with approx. 150000 miles on it. About a ..., Chevy equinox 2011: code p0420. americanfoxusa. Dec 16, 2018. Disclaimer: Links on this page pointing to Amazon, eBay and other sites may include affiliate code. If you click them and make a purchase, we may earn a small commission. Dec 16, 2018. #1. A.